Maithili may refer to:
- Maithili language, a language spoken in the eastern part of India and southeastern part of Nepal
- Maithili Calendar, the calendar followed by Maithil people across the world
- Maithili New Year, 13/14 April on the Gregorian calendar
- Mithilakshar, the script traditionally used for the Maithili language
- Maithili Sharan Gupt (1886–1965), a Hindi poet