List of State Leaders in 1985 - Europe

Europe

• Albania -
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
    2. Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985–1991)
  • Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
  • Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
• Andorra -
  • Monarchs -
    • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984–1990)
• Austria -
  • President - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Federal President of Austria (1974–1986)
  • Chancellor - Fred Sinowatz, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1983–1986)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
  • Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981–1992)
• Bulgaria
  • Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
  • Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
  • Premier - Grisha Filipov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1981–1986)
• Cyprus -
  • President - Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977–1988)
  • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
    • President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Mustafa Çağatay, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1978–1985)
      2. Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
• Czechoslovakia -
  • Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969–1987)
  • President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Lubomír Štrougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970–1988)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
• Finland
  • President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982–1994)
  • Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1982–1987)
• France -
  • President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
  • Prime Minister - Laurent Fabius, Prime Minister of France (1984–1986)
• East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
  • Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
  • Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
  • Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
• West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
  • President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of West Germany (1984–1994)
  • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)
• Greece
  • President -
    1. Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1980–1985)
    2. Ioannis Alevras, Acting President of Greece (1985)
    3. Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985–1990)
  • Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)
• Hungary
  • Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956–1988)
  • Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967–1987)
  • Premier - György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975–1987)
• Iceland
  • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
  • Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1983–1987)
• Ireland
  • President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
  • Prime Minister - Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1982–1987)
• Italy -
  • President -
    1. Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978–1985)
    2. Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985–1992)
  • Prime Minister - Bettino Craxi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1983–1987)
• Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
  • Regent - Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984–1989)
  • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
• Malta
  • President - Agatha Barbara, President of Malta (1982–1987)
  • Prime Minister - Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Prime Minister of Malta (1984–1987)
• Monaco
  • Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Jean Herly, Minister of State of Monaco (1981–1985)
    2. Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  • Netherlands (constituent country)
    • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
  • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
    • see under North America
• Norway
  • Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
  • Prime Minister - Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981–1986)
• Poland -
  • Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
  • Head of State -
    1. Henryk Jabłoński, Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1972–1985)
    2. Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1985–1990)
  • Premier -
    1. Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1981–1985)
    2. Zbigniew Messner, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1985–1988)
• Portugal -
  • President - António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976–1986)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mário Soares, Prime Minister of Portugal (1983–1985)
    2. Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
• Romania -
  • Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
  • President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
  • Premier - Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982–1989)
• San Marino
  • Captains Regent -
    1. Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Amici, Captains Regent of San Marino (1984–1985)
    2. Enzo Colombini and Severiano Tura, Captains Regent of San Marino (1985)
    3. Pier Paolo Gasperoni and Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1985–1986)
• Soviet Union -
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Konstantin Chernenko, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1984–1985)
    2. Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
  • Head of State -
    1. Konstantin Chernenko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1984–1985)
    2. Vasili Kuznetsov, Acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1985)
    3. Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1985–1988)
  • Premier -
    1. Nikolai Tikhonov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1980–1985)
    2. Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister - Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1982–1986)
• Switzerland -
  • Swiss Federal Council:

    Kurt Furgler (1971–1986, President), Pierre Aubert (1978–1987), Leon Schlumpf (1979–1987), Alphons Egli (1982–1986), Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989)

• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
  • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Peter Le Cheminant, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1980–1985)
      2. Sir Alexander Boswell, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
    • Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
  • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Peter Whiteley, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1979–1985)
      2. Sir William Pillar, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985–1990)
    • Bailiff - Sir Frank Ereaut, Bailiff of Jersey (1975–1985)
  • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
    • Lieutenant-Governor -
      1. Sir Nigel Cecil, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1980–1985)
      2. Laurence New, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1985–1990)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Percy Radcliffe, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1981–1985)
      2. Edgar Mann, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1985–1986)
  • Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
    • Governor -
      1. Sir David Williams, Governor of Gibraltar (1982–1985)
      2. Sir Peter Terry, Governor of Gibraltar (1985–1989)
    • Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972–1987)
• Vatican City
  • Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
  • President of the Governorate - Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1984–1990)
  • Holy See
    • Secretary of State - Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
• Yugoslavia
  • Communist Party Leader -
    1. Ali Šukrija, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1984–1985)
    2. Vidoje Žarković, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1985–1986)
  • Head of State -
    1. Veselin Đuranović, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1984–1985)
    2. Radovan Vlajković, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1985–1986)
  • Premier - Milka Planinc, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1982–1986)