List of State Leaders in 1861 - Europe

Europe

  • Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
    • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
  • Denmark -
    • Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848–1863)
    • Prime Minister - Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860–1863)
  • France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
  • Italy
    • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861–1878)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Conte di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (1861)
      2. Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1861–1862)
  • German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
    • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
    • Luxembourg
      • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
      • Prime Minister - Victor, Baron de Tornaco, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1860–1867)
    • Prussia -
      • Monarch -
        1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840–1861)
        2. Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861–1888)
      • Regent -
        1. Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858–1861)
        2. became King
      • Prime Minister - Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858–1862)
    • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848–1864)
    • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
    • Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
    • Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
  • Greece -
    • Monarch - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
    • Prime Minister - Athanasios Miaoulis, Prime Minister of Greece (1857–1862)
  • Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Floris Adriaan van Hall, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1853–1857, 1860–1861)
      2. Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861)
      3. Schelto van Heemstra, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1861–1862)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
    • Monarch -
      1. Abd-ul-Mejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
      2. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876)
    • Grand Vizier -
      1. Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1860–1861)
      2. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861)
      3. Keçecizade Mehmet Fuat Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861–1863)
  • Portugal -
    1. Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853–1861)
    2. Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
  • Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859–1866)
  • Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
  • Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833–1868)
  • Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
    • Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859–1865)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1861

Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “The American is said to become full-flavored, and in time a most all-round man, through the polish which Europe can impart.”
    —M. E. W. Sherwood (1826–1903)

    “The people of Western Europe are facing this summer a series of tragic dilemmas. Of the hopes that dazzled the last twenty years that some political movement might tend to the betterment of the human lot, little remains above ground but the tattered slogans of the past.”
    —John Dos Passos (1896–1970)

    “In times like ours, where the growing complexity of life leaves us barely the time to read the newspapers, where the map of Europe has endured profound rearrangements and is perhaps on the brink of enduring yet others, where so many threatening and new problems appear everywhere, you will admit it may be demanded of a writer that he be more than a fine wit who makes us forget in idle and byzantine discussions on the merits of pure form ...”
    —Marcel Proust (1871–1922)