List of State Leaders in 1859 - Europe

Europe

• Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848–1863)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1857–1859)
    2. Carl Edvard Rotwitt, Prime Minister of Denmark (1859–1860)
• France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
• German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
  • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister - Mathias Simons, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1853–1860)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840–1861)
    • Regent - Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858–1861)
    • Prime Minister - Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858–1862)
  • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848–1864)
  • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854–1873)
  • Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
  • Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
• Greece -
  • Monarch - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
  • Prime Minister - Athanasios Miaoulis, Prime Minister of Greece (1857–1862)
• Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848–1916)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Jan Jacob Rochussen, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1858–1860)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Mejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1858–1859)
    2. Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1859)
    3. Mütercim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1859–1860)
• Portugal - Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853–1861)
• Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859–1866)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855–1881)
• Sardinia-Piedmont- Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia-Piedmont (1849-1878*) *King of Italy beginning in 1861
  • Prime Minister - Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont
  • Savoy
  • Lombardy annexed from Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
• Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833–1868)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
  1. Oscar I, King of Sweden (1844–1859)
  2. Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859–1872)
• Two Sicilies -
  1. Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (1830–1859)
  2. Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (1859–1861)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1858–1859)
    2. Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859–1865)