Leoni is an italian surname, literally meaning "lions", and can refer to:
- Anilza Leoni (1933-2009), Brazilian actress, singer, ballerina and painter
- Bruno Leoni (1913-1967), Italian political philosopher (classical liberalism) and lawyer
- Carlos Leoni, founder and former member of the Brazilian pop-rock band Kid Abelha
- Endrio Leoni (born 1968), Italian road bicycle racer
- Franco Leoni (1864-1949), Italian opera composer (L'Oracolo)
- Giacomo Leoni (1686-1746), English architect, also known as James Leoni
- Gianni Leoni, Italian motorcycle racer
- Leone Leoni (1509-1590), Italian Renaissance sculptor and medallist (or his son Pompeo)
- Leone Leoni (composer) (c. 1560 – 1627), Italian composer
- Michael Leoni, (c. 1750-1797) stage name of Myer Lyon, English-German-Jewish tenor singer
- Lodovico Leoni (1531-1606), Italian painter, father of
- Ottavio Leoni (1578-1630), Italian painter, son of Lodovico
- Pier Leoni, Medieval Roman consul
- Téa Leoni (born 1966), American actress
It may also refer to:
- Leoni Township, Michigan
- Leoni (Bavaria) (formerly Assenbuch) in Bavaria
- Leoni Cables, formerly Leonische Drahtwerke, cable firm from Germany
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