Colson is a surname, and may refer to:
- Charles Colson (1931-2012), counsel for Richard Nixon, then evangelical Christian leader
- Ethalinda Colson (1893-1959), silent film actress Kathryn Adams
- Greg Colson (born 1956), American artist known for wall sculptures ("stickmaps", "piecharts", etc.)
- Jean Claude Gilles Colson (1725-1778), French actor Bellecour
- John Colson (1680-1760), British mathematician
- Zachary Colson, fictional character from Wing Commander II
- Colson is also a fictional character in the Icewind Dale Trilogy of author R. A. Salvatore, son of Wulfgar son of Bruenor Battlehammer