Chinese Soviet Republic

The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR, simplified Chinese: 中华苏维埃共和国; traditional Chinese: 中華蘇維埃共和國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Sūwéi'āi Gònghéguó), also known as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, is often referred to in historical literature as the Jiangxi Soviet (after its largest component territory, the Jiangxi-Fujian Soviet). It was a state established in November 1931 by future Communist Party of China leader, Mao Zedong, general Zhu De and others which lasted until 1937. Some other discontiguous territories included: Northeastern Jiangxi Soviet, Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet, Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet, Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet, Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet, Szechuan-Shensi Soviet, Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet, Honghu Soviet, and Haifeng-Lufeng Soviet.

Mao Zedong was both CSR state chairman and prime minister, who simultaneously led the state as well as its government. It was Mao's tenure as the head of a "small state within a state" that provided him with experience in Mobile Warfare and peasant organization; it was this experience that assisted him to eventually accomplish the communist reunification of China in the late 1940s.

The CSR was eventually destroyed by the Kuomintang (KMT)'s National Revolutionary Army in a series of encirclement campaigns in 1937.