Caledonian is a geographical term used to refer to places, species, or items in or from Scotland, or particularly the Scottish Highlands. It derives from Caledonia, the Roman name for the area of modern Scotland. It is often abbreviated to "Caley", "Cally", or "The Caley", or — in Gaelic — "An Calaidh" (The Caley).
Caledonian is also used to refer to places or people in or from New Caledonia.
It may refer to:
- Caledonians, the people of Caledonia
- Caledonian Airways, former Scottish airline
- Caledonian Canal, between Inverness and Fort William, Scotland
- Caledonian Brewery, in Edinburgh, Scotland
- Caledonian F.C., former football club from Inverness
- Caledonian Forest, the native woodland of Highland Scotland
- Caledonian Ground, sports venue in Dunedin, New Zealand
- Caledonian (locomotive), an early locomotive of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
- Caledonian orogeny, a geological event
- Caledonian Railway, former Scottish railway company
- Caledonian Railway (Brechin), preserved steam railway
- Caledonian-Record, a newspaper published in Vermont, USA
- Caledonian Road (disambiguation), the name of two stations in London, England
- Caledonian Sleeper, a sleeper train service in Scotland
- Caledonian Stadium, football stadium in Inverness, home ground of Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.
- Glasgow Caledonian University, in Glasgow, Scotland
- The Caledonian Cup, a tournament held each year by Scottish Pro Wrestling
It is also used by Scottish institutions or societies around the world, or by groups with Scottish ancestry. For example the Caledonian Club in London.