Bengali Language - Phonology

Phonology

The phonemic inventory of standard Bengali consists of 28 consonants and 13 vowels, including 6 nasalized vowels. The inventory is set out below in International Phonetic Alphabet (upper grapheme in each box) and romanization (lower grapheme).

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ u ũ
Close-mid e ẽ o õ
Near-open æ æ̃ ɔ
Open a ã
Consonants
Labial Dental/
Alveolar
Retroflex Palatoalveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m
m
n
n
ŋ
ng
Plosive p
p

t
ʈ

c
k
k
pʰ ~ ɸ
ph
t̪ʰ
th
ʈʰ
ṭh
tʃʰ
ch

kh
b
b

d
ɖ

j
ɡ
g
bʱ ~ β
bh
d̪ʱ
dh
ɖʱ
ḍh
dʒʱ
jh
ɡʱ
gh
Fricative ʃ
sh
ɦ
h
Approximant l
l
Rhotic r
r
ɽ

Bengali is known for its wide variety of diphthongs, combinations of vowels occurring within the same syllable.

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