Barbour is a surname of Scottish origin and may refer to the following people:
- Anna Maynard Barbour (d. 1941), an American author
- Erwin Hinckly Barbour, an American geologist
- Haley Barbour, the 63rd governor of Mississippi
- Ian Barbour, an American scholar of the relationship between science and religion
- James Barbour, the 19th Governor of Virginia
- James Barbour (1828–1895)
- James Stacy Barbour, American actor and singer
- John Barbour, "The Father of Scots poetry" (c.1320 – March 1395). Scottish makar, courtier and archdeacon.
- John Barbour (actor), Canadian-born television personality in the United States
- John Strode Barbour, Jr., a Representative and a Senator from Virginia
- Julian Barbour, British physicist
- Kandi Barbour, an American adult model
- Mary Barbour, a Scottish political activist
- Nelson H. Barbour, a Millerite Adventist
- Philip Pendleton Barbour, a Representative from Virginia, brother of James Barbour
- Ralph Henry Barbour, an American author of sports fiction for boys
- Robert Barbour, an Australian politician
- Thomas Barbour, an American herpetologist
- Walworth Barbour, a United States Ambassador to Israel
- William Warren Barbour, a US Senator from New Jersey
- Arthur B. B. Moore, a Canadian Moderator of the United Church of Canada
- Thomas Barbour Lathrop, an American philanthropist and world traveler, grandson of James Barbour
- Barbour Lewis, an American politician
Barbour may refer to the following places:
- Barbour County, Alabama
- Barbour County, West Virginia
Barbour may also refer to:
- G.E. Barbour & Co., a Canadian food company
- J. Barbour & Sons, a British clothing manufacturer