Typical Yield and Ultimate Strengths
Note: many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
| Material | Yield strength (MPa) |
Ultimate strength (MPa) |
Density (g/cm³) |
free breaking length (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A36 steel | 250 | 400 | 7.85 | 3.2 |
| Steel, API 5L X65 | 448 | 531 | 7.85 | 5.8 |
| Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514 | 690 | 760 | 7.85 | 9.0 |
| Steel, prestressing strands | 1650 | 1860 | 7.85 | 21.6 |
| Piano wire | 2200–2482 | 7.8 | 28.7 | |
| Carbon Fiber (CF, CFK) | 5650 | 1.75 | ||
| High density polyethylene (HDPE) | 26-33 | 37 | 0.95 | 2.8 |
| Polypropylene | 12-43 | 19.7-80 | 0.91 | 1.3 |
| Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled | 520 | 860 | ||
| Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 | * | 172 | 7.20 | 2.4 |
| Titanium alloy (6% Al, 4% V) | 830 | 900 | 4.51 | 18.8 |
| Aluminium alloy 2014-T6 | 400 | 455 | 2.7 | 15.1 |
| Copper 99.9% Cu | 70 | 220 | 8.92 | 0.8 |
| Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu | 130 | 350 | 8.94 | 1.4 |
| Brass | approx. 200+ | 550 | 5.3 | 3.8 |
| Spider silk | 1150 (??) | 1400 | 1.31 | 109 |
| Silkworm silk | 500 | 25 | ||
| Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) | 3620 | 1.44 | 256.3 | |
| UHMWPE | 2400 | 0.97 | 400 | |
| Bone (limb) | 104-121 | 130 | 3 | |
| Nylon, type 6/6 | 45 | 75 | 2 | |
| *Grey cast iron does not have a well defined yield strength because the stress-strain relationship is atypical. The yield strength can vary from 65 to 80% of the tensile strength. | ||||
| Young's modulus (GPa) |
Proof or yield stress (MPa) |
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 70 | 15-20 | 40-50 |
| Copper | 130 | 33 | 210 |
| Iron | 211 | 80-100 | 350 |
| Nickel | 170 | 14-35 | 140-195 |
| Silicon | 107 | 5000-9000 | |
| Tantalum | 186 | 180 | 200 |
| Tin | 47 | 9-14 | 15-200 |
| Titanium | 120 | 100-225 | 240-370 |
| Tungsten | 411 | 550 | 550-620 |
Read more about this topic: Yield (engineering)
Famous quotes containing the words typical, yield, ultimate and/or strengths:
“It is not however, adulthood itself, but parenthood that forms the glass shroud of memory. For there is an interesting quirk in the memory of women. At 30, women see their adolescence quite clearly. At 30 a woman’s adolescence remains a facet fitting into her current self.... At 40, however, memories of adolescence are blurred. Women of this age look much more to their earlier childhood for memories of themselves and of their mothers. This links up to her typical parenting phase.”
—Terri Apter (20th century)
“As yields no mercy to desert,
Nor grace to those that crave it.
Sweet sun, when thou lookest on,
Pray her regard my moan;
Sweet birds, when you sing to her,
To yield some pity, woo her;”
—Thomas Lodge (1558?–1625)
“... the attempt to control poetry, to subordinate it to extrapoetic ends, constitutes misuse.... it may be poetry’s stubborn quality of rockbottom, intrinsic uselessness which ... constitutes the guarantee of its integrity, and hence of its ultimate value to us.”
—Jan Clausen (b. 1943)
“My strengths make me contemptuous. My weaknesses make me charitable.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)