Typical Yield and Ultimate Strengths
Note: many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
| Material | Yield strength (MPa) |
Ultimate strength (MPa) |
Density (g/cm³) |
free breaking length (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A36 steel | 250 | 400 | 7.85 | 3.2 |
| Steel, API 5L X65 | 448 | 531 | 7.85 | 5.8 |
| Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514 | 690 | 760 | 7.85 | 9.0 |
| Steel, prestressing strands | 1650 | 1860 | 7.85 | 21.6 |
| Piano wire | 2200–2482 | 7.8 | 28.7 | |
| Carbon Fiber (CF, CFK) | 5650 | 1.75 | ||
| High density polyethylene (HDPE) | 26-33 | 37 | 0.95 | 2.8 |
| Polypropylene | 12-43 | 19.7-80 | 0.91 | 1.3 |
| Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled | 520 | 860 | ||
| Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 | * | 172 | 7.20 | 2.4 |
| Titanium alloy (6% Al, 4% V) | 830 | 900 | 4.51 | 18.8 |
| Aluminium alloy 2014-T6 | 400 | 455 | 2.7 | 15.1 |
| Copper 99.9% Cu | 70 | 220 | 8.92 | 0.8 |
| Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu | 130 | 350 | 8.94 | 1.4 |
| Brass | approx. 200+ | 550 | 5.3 | 3.8 |
| Spider silk | 1150 (??) | 1400 | 1.31 | 109 |
| Silkworm silk | 500 | 25 | ||
| Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) | 3620 | 1.44 | 256.3 | |
| UHMWPE | 2400 | 0.97 | 400 | |
| Bone (limb) | 104-121 | 130 | 3 | |
| Nylon, type 6/6 | 45 | 75 | 2 | |
| *Grey cast iron does not have a well defined yield strength because the stress-strain relationship is atypical. The yield strength can vary from 65 to 80% of the tensile strength. | ||||
| Young's modulus (GPa) |
Proof or yield stress (MPa) |
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 70 | 15-20 | 40-50 |
| Copper | 130 | 33 | 210 |
| Iron | 211 | 80-100 | 350 |
| Nickel | 170 | 14-35 | 140-195 |
| Silicon | 107 | 5000-9000 | |
| Tantalum | 186 | 180 | 200 |
| Tin | 47 | 9-14 | 15-200 |
| Titanium | 120 | 100-225 | 240-370 |
| Tungsten | 411 | 550 | 550-620 |
Read more about this topic: Yield (engineering)
Famous quotes containing the words typical, yield, ultimate and/or strengths:
“Compare the history of the novel to that of rock ‘n’ roll. Both started out a minority taste, became a mass taste, and then splintered into several subgenres. Both have been the typical cultural expressions of classes and epochs. Both started out aggressively fighting for their share of attention, novels attacking the drama, the tract, and the poem, rock attacking jazz and pop and rolling over classical music.”
—W. T. Lhamon, U.S. educator, critic. “Material Differences,” Deliberate Speed: The Origins of a Cultural Style in the American 1950s, Smithsonian (1990)
“Why do I yield to that suggestion
Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair
And make my seated heart knock at my ribs
Against the use of nature?”
—William Shakespeare (1564–1616)
“There are in every generation those who shrink from the ultimate sacrifice, but there are in every generation those who make it with joy and laughter and these are the salt of the generations.”
—Patrick Henry Pearse (1879–1916)
“A man who has never lost himself in a cause bigger than himself has missed one of life’s mountaintop experiences. Only in losing himself does he find himself. Only then does he discover all the latent strengths he never knew he had and which otherwise would have remained dormant.”
—Richard M. Nixon (1913–1995)