Typical Yield and Ultimate Strengths
Note: many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
Material | Yield strength (MPa) |
Ultimate strength (MPa) |
Density (g/cm³) |
free breaking length (km) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ASTM A36 steel | 250 | 400 | 7.85 | 3.2 |
Steel, API 5L X65 | 448 | 531 | 7.85 | 5.8 |
Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514 | 690 | 760 | 7.85 | 9.0 |
Steel, prestressing strands | 1650 | 1860 | 7.85 | 21.6 |
Piano wire | 2200–2482 | 7.8 | 28.7 | |
Carbon Fiber (CF, CFK) | 5650 | 1.75 | ||
High density polyethylene (HDPE) | 26-33 | 37 | 0.95 | 2.8 |
Polypropylene | 12-43 | 19.7-80 | 0.91 | 1.3 |
Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled | 520 | 860 | ||
Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 | * | 172 | 7.20 | 2.4 |
Titanium alloy (6% Al, 4% V) | 830 | 900 | 4.51 | 18.8 |
Aluminium alloy 2014-T6 | 400 | 455 | 2.7 | 15.1 |
Copper 99.9% Cu | 70 | 220 | 8.92 | 0.8 |
Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu | 130 | 350 | 8.94 | 1.4 |
Brass | approx. 200+ | 550 | 5.3 | 3.8 |
Spider silk | 1150 (??) | 1400 | 1.31 | 109 |
Silkworm silk | 500 | 25 | ||
Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) | 3620 | 1.44 | 256.3 | |
UHMWPE | 2400 | 0.97 | 400 | |
Bone (limb) | 104-121 | 130 | 3 | |
Nylon, type 6/6 | 45 | 75 | 2 | |
*Grey cast iron does not have a well defined yield strength because the stress-strain relationship is atypical. The yield strength can vary from 65 to 80% of the tensile strength. |
Young's modulus (GPa) |
Proof or yield stress (MPa) |
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Aluminium | 70 | 15-20 | 40-50 |
Copper | 130 | 33 | 210 |
Iron | 211 | 80-100 | 350 |
Nickel | 170 | 14-35 | 140-195 |
Silicon | 107 | 5000-9000 | |
Tantalum | 186 | 180 | 200 |
Tin | 47 | 9-14 | 15-200 |
Titanium | 120 | 100-225 | 240-370 |
Tungsten | 411 | 550 | 550-620 |
Read more about this topic: Yield (engineering)
Famous quotes containing the words typical, yield, ultimate and/or strengths:
“A building is akin to dogma; it is insolent, like dogma. Whether or no it is permanent, it claims permanence, like a dogma. People ask why we have no typical architecture of the modern world, like impressionism in painting. Surely it is obviously because we have not enough dogmas; we cannot bear to see anything in the sky that is solid and enduring, anything in the sky that does not change like the clouds of the sky.”
—Gilbert Keith Chesterton (18741936)
“Why do I yield to that suggestion
Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair
And make my seated heart knock at my ribs
Against the use of nature?”
—William Shakespeare (15641616)
“Most women of [the WW II] generation have but one image of good motherhoodthe one their mothers embodied. . . . Anything done for the sake of the children justified, even ennobled the mothers role. Motherhood was tantamount to martyrdom during that unique era when children were gods. Those who appeared to put their own needs first were castigated and shunnedthe ultimate damnation for a gender trained to be wholly dependent on the acceptance and praise of others.”
—Melinda M. Marshall (20th century)
“My strengths make me contemptuous. My weaknesses make me charitable.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)