Moments
In terms of the circular variable the circular moments of the wrapped Normal distribution are the characteristic function of the Normal distribution evaluated at integer arguments:
where is some interval of length . The first moment is then the average value of z, also known as the mean resultant, or mean resultant vector:
The mean angle is
and the length of the mean resultant is
The circular standard deviation, which is a useful measure of dispersion for the wrapped Normal distribution and its close relative, the von Mises distribution is given by:
Read more about this topic: Wrapped Normal Distribution
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