Development
The initial design and planning of Windows 95 can be traced back to around March 1992, just after the release of Windows 3.1. At this time, Windows for Workgroups 3.1 and Windows NT 3.1 were still in development and Microsoft's plan for the future was focused on Cairo. Cairo would be Microsoft's next-generation operating system based on Windows NT and featuring a new user interface and an object-based file system, but it was not planned to be shipped before 1994 (Cairo would eventually partially ship in July 1996 in the form of Windows NT 4.0, but without the object-based file system, which would later evolve into WinFS).
Simultaneously with Windows 3.1's release, IBM started shipping OS/2 2.0. Microsoft realized they were in need of an updated version of Windows that could support 32-bit applications and preemptive multitasking, but could still run on low-end hardware (Windows NT did not). So the development of Windows "Chicago" was started and, as it was planned for a late 1993 release, became known as Windows 93. Initially, the decision was made not to include a new user interface, as this was planned for Cairo, and only focus on making installation, configuration, and networking easier. Windows 93 would ship together with MS-DOS 7.0, offering a more integrated experience to the user and making it pointless for other companies to create DOS clones. MS-DOS 7.0 was in development at that time under the code name "Jaguar" and could optionally run on top of a Windows 3.1-based 32-bit protected mode kernel called "Cougar" in order to better compete with DR-DOS.
The Chicago project was led by Brad Silverberg, who, at that time, was senior vice president of the personal systems division at Microsoft. Microsoft's product plan looked as follows:
| Codename | Planned release date | Description | Released as |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Janus" | March 1992 | Windows 3.1 | |
| "Astro" | September 1992 | Upgrade to MS-DOS 5.0, adding third party tools to surpass DR-DOS 6.0 in features. | MS-DOS 6.0 |
| "Winball" | Windows for Workgroups 3.1 | ||
| "Jaguar" | June 1993 | Next major release of real-mode MS-DOS, better integrating with Windows | (MS-DOS 7.0) |
| "Cougar" | June 1993 | A 32-bit protected-mode MS-DOS kernel based on Windows' 386 enhanced-mode kernel | (Windows 95 VMM) |
| "Panther" | June 1993 | The 32-bit Windows subsystem that could run on top of "Cougar" implementing a subset of Windows NT's Win32 API, but a superset of the Win32s API. | Windows 95 |
| "Rover" | June 1993 | Windows for Mobile Computing, based on "Panther" | |
| NT | July 1993 | A new version of Windows built from the ground up as an operating system for servers and workstations. | Windows NT 3.1 |
| "Cairo" | July 1996 | Windows NT 4.0 |
The first version of Chicago's feature specification was finished on September 30, 1992. Cougar was to become Chicago's kernel.
Read more about this topic: Windows 95
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—Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901)