Western Palearctic Black-and-white Flycatchers

The term Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers is used to refer to a group of similar-looking birds in the genus Ficedula:

• Atlas Flycatcher F. speculigera which breeds in Northwest Africa
• Collared Flycatcher F. albicollis which breeds in Eastern Europe
• European Pied Flycatcher F. hypoleuca which breeds in Western Europe
• Semi-collared Flycatcher F. semitorquata of Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia

European Pied and Collared Flycatchers hybridise to a limited extent where their ranges meet; the hybrids have reduced fitness and usually do not survive their first winter (Parkin 2003). Female hybrids are usually sterile (Gelter et al. 1992; see also Haldane's Rule).

All species leave their breeding grounds to winter in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Identification of these birds, especially in female and immature plumages is considered difficult, and several identification papers have been published on the subject.