Occurrence
In Western Europe, a uvular trill pronunciation of rhotic consonants spread from northern French to several dialects and registers of Danish, Dutch, German, Hebrew, Norwegian, Portuguese, and Swedish. However, not all of these remain a uvular trill today. In Danish, the r is a pharyngeal approximant in all but the most conservative speech. In Brazilian Portuguese, it is usually a velar fricative (, ), voiceless uvular fricative, or glottal fricative (, ). Because such uvular rhotics often do not contrast with alveolar ones, IPA transcriptions may often use ⟨r⟩ to represent them for ease of typesetting. For more information, see guttural R.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | цыҕ | 'marten' | See Abkhaz phonology | ||
| Adyghe | тыгъэ tâğă | 'sun' | |||
| Aleut | Atkan dialect | chamĝul | 'to wash' | ||
| Arabic | غزال | 'gazelle' | See Arabic phonology | ||
| Armenian | Eastern | ղեկ | 'rudder' | ||
| Avar | тIагъур | 'cap' | |||
| Berber | Kabyle | bbeγ | 'to dive' | ||
| Chilcotin | 'he walks' | ||||
| Danish | rød | 'red' | See Danish phonology | ||
| Dutch | Southern | rond | 'round' | Some dialects, mainly those of North Brabant, Limburg and parts of Belgium. See Dutch phonology | |
| English | North-east Leinster | red | 'red' | Corresponds to in other Irish dialects. | |
| French | rester | 'to stay' | See French phonology | ||
| German | Standard | Rübe | 'turnip' | In free variation with a uvular trill. See German phonology | |
| Lower Rhine | |||||
| Hebrew | רע | 'bad' | May also be trilled. See Modern Hebrew phonology | ||
| Inuktitut | East Inuktitut dialect | marruuk | 'two' | ||
| Kabardian | гъэ | 'year' | |||
| Kazakh | саған sağan | 'you (singular dative)' | |||
| Kyrgyz | жамгыр | 'rain' | |||
| Lakota | aǧúyapi | 'bread' | |||
| Limburgish | Maastrichtian dialect | roond | 'round' | ||
| Malay | Perak dialect | Perak | 'Perak (name of state)' | See Malay phonology | |
| Norwegian | Southern and southwestern dialects | rar | 'strange' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Portuguese | European | carro | 'car' | Often trilled. See Portuguese phonology | |
| Fluminense | ardência | 'stinging' | Often trilled (and associated with emphatic speech in a wider area). If as coda, in free variation with, and before voiced, and, and before voiceless consonants | ||
| Sulista | arroz | 'rice' | |||
| Sakha | тоҕус tog‘us | 'nine' | |||
| Swedish | Southern dialects | rör | 'pipes' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Tatar | яңгыр, yañğır | 'rain' | |||
| Tsez | агъи ’ag‘i | 'bird' | |||
| Ubykh | 'his' | Ubykh has ten different uvular fricatives. See Ubykh phonology | |||
| Uzbek | ёмғир yomg‘ir | 'rain' | |||
| Yiddish | רעגן | 'rain' | See Yiddish phonology | ||
| Zhuang | roek | 'six' | |||
Read more about this topic: Voiced Uvular Fricative
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