- Process (application) virtual machine software
- Baan Bshell Virtual Machine, Baan 4GL
- Common Language Infrastructure, C#, Visual Basic .NET, J#, C++/CLI (formerly Managed C++)
- Dalvik virtual machine, part of Android operating systems
- Dis, Inferno operating system and its Limbo language
- DOSBox
- EiffelStudio for the Eiffel language
- Erlang language
- Forth virtual machine, Forth
- Glulx, Glulx, Z-code
- Hec, Hasm Assembler
- Java Virtual Machine, Java, Nice, NetRexx, Scala, Groovy, Clojure, JRuby
- Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM), currently C, C++, Stacker
- Lua
- Macromedia Flash Player, SWF
- Memory Array Redcode Simulator (MARS), virtual machine that executes Corewars programs
- MMIX, MMIXAL
- Neko virtual machine, currently Neko and haXe
- O-code machine, BCPL
- p-code machine, Pascal
- Parrot, Perl 6
- Perl virtual machine, Perl
- CPython, Python
- YARV, Ruby MRI
- Rubinius, Ruby
- ScummVM, Scumm
- SECD machine, ISWIM, Lispkit Lisp
- Sed the stream-editor can also be seen as a VM with 2 storage spaces
- Smalltalk virtual machine, Smalltalk language
- Squeak virtual machine, Squeak language
- SQLite virtual machine, SQLite opcodes
- SWEET16
- Tamarin (JavaScript engine), ActionScript VM in Flash 9
- TrueType virtual machine, TrueType
- V8 (JavaScript engine), JavaScript VM
- Valgrind, checking of memory accesses and leaks in x86/x86-64 code under Linux
- Virtual Processor (VP) from Tao Group (UK).
- VX32 virtual machine, application-level virtualization for native code
- Waba, virtual machine for small devices, similar to Java
- Warren Abstract Machine, Prolog, CSC GraphTalk
- Z-machine, Z-Code
- Zend Engine, PHP
- libJIT Just-In-Time compilation library, libJIT bytecode
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- System (hardware) virtual machine software
- ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL), an MTL virtual machine
- Bochs, portable open source x86 and AMD64 PCs emulator
- AlphaVM virtual machine, emulates Alpha hardware to migrate OpenVMS or Tru64 applications to x86 hardware
- CHARON-AXP, virtualizes AlphaServer to migrate OpenVMS or Tru64 applications to x86 hardware
- CHARON-VAX, virtualizes PDP-11 or VAX hardware to migrate OpenVMS or Tru64 applications to x86 or HP integrity hardware
- CoLinux Open Source Linux inside Windows
- CoWare Virtual Platform
- Denali, uses paravirtualization of x86 for running para-virtualized PC operating systems.
- Hercules emulator, free System/370, ESA/390, z/Mainframe
- KVM
- Logical Domains
- LynxSecure uses the MILS architecture to provide high assurance for embedded systems on x86
- Windows Virtual PC (formerly Microsoft Virtual PC) and Microsoft Virtual Server
- Oracle VM
- OVPsim is a freely available virtual platform simulator designed to simulate complex multiprocessor systems at very high speeds
- Palacios is an OS independent embeddable VMM, it is an open source virtual machine monitor for modern architectures
- Parallels Workstation, virtualizes x86 to run unmodified PC operating systems
- Parallels Desktop for Mac, virtualizes x86 to run virtual machines on Mac OS X
- QEMU, is a simulator based on a virtual machine
- SheepShaver
- Simics
- Sun xVM
- SVISTA
- twoOStwo
- User-mode Linux
- VirtualBox
- Virtual Iron (Virtual Iron 3.1)
- VM from IBM
- VMLite
- VMware (ESX Server, Fusion, Virtual Server, Workstation, Player and ACE)
- Xen (Opensource)
- TransVirtual Systems emulation of Wang Laboratories VS hardware.
- IBM POWER systems
- Operating system level virtualization software
- Microsoft Hyper-V
- OpenVZ
- FreeVPS
- Linux-VServer
- FreeBSD Jails
- Solaris Containers
- AIX Workload Partitions
- LXC
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