Versions of Ramayana - Versions Outside India

Versions Outside India

The following are among the versions of the Ramayana that have emerged outside India:

  • Cambodia - Reamker
  • Thailand - Ramakien
  • Laos - Phra Lak Phra Lam
  • Burma (Myanmar) - Yama Zatdaw
  • Malaysia - Hikayat Seri Rama
  • Java, Indonesia - Kakawin Ramayana
  • Philippines - Maharadia Lawana
  • Nepal - The Nepal Bhasa version called Siddhi Ramayan was written by Mahakavi Siddhidas Mahaju Amatya during Nepal Bhasa renaissance era and the Khas language (later called "Nepali") version of Bhanubhaktako Ramayan by Bhanubhakta Acharya marked the first epic written in the language.
  • Tibet — found in several manuscripts from Dunhuang

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