Types of Corporations

France

Micro-entreprise: special framework for minute businesses, a recent addition to French business law -with both revenue and pre-tax net income caps, of which Auto-entrepreneur (below) is a special case
Freelancers, individual independent contractors:
- Auto-entrepreneur: ≈ self-employed (UK), independent contractor (US), a recent addition to French business law -with both a revenue cap and a specific set of derogatory income tax rates
- Profession libérale: ≈ sole proprietorship such as a medical practice, an enduring entity stemming from the protected status designed for "liberal professions" with unlimited personal liability
- Sociétés d'exercice libéral: the incorporated equivalent of the latter, sole shareholder limited liability being key
- EI (Entreprise individuelle/entreprise en nom personnel):
- EURL, SASU (U- unipersonnelle): limited liability, sole shareholder Ltd. company (UK) or single member close corporation
Investment funds/companies:
- FCP (Fond commun de placement): unincorporated investment fund
- Société d'investissement à capital fixe: ≈ investment trust (UK); closed-end fund (CEF), closed-end company (US); listed investment company (LIC) (Au)
- SICAV (Société d'investissement à capital variable): ≈ investment company with variable capital (ICVC), open-ended investment company (OEIC) (UK); mutual fund, open-end company (US)
GIE (Groupement d'intérêt économique): economic interest grouping
Association: ≈ nonprofit association
- Association non-déclarée: ≈ unincorporated association (UK)
- Association déclarée: ≈ incorporated association (Au)
Partnerships (société de personnes):
- SEP (Société en participation): ≈ equity partnership
- SNC (Société en nom collectif): ≈ general partnership (GP)
- SCS (Société en commandite simple): ≈ limited partnership (LP)
- SCA (Société en commandite par actions): ≈ publicly traded partnership (PTP) (US)
Companies (société de capitaux):
- SARL, SàRL (Société à responsabilité limitée): ≈ private limited company (Ltd.) (UK), limited liability company (US)
  - EURL (Entreprise unipersonnelle à responsabilité limitée): ≈ single shareholder limited company (SME Pvt) (UK)
- stock companies (société par actions)
  - SA (Société anonyme): ≈ public limited company (plc) (UK), corporation (US/Can)
    - SCOP (Société coopérative de production): ≈ cooperative corporation (Can)
    - SEM (Société d'économie mixte): ≈ government-owned corporation
  - SAS (Société par actions simplifiée): ≈ unlisted public company (Au), close corporation (CC) (S.Africa), private corporation (Can); often used for subsidiaries; minimum of one director and two members/shareholders; no limit on share capital; liability can be restricted to director; no "one share - one vote" principle

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Types of Corporations - France

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