Theory: Aerial Torpedo Motion Equation
Rear Admiral Shoji Naruse explained in his class as follows.
The torpedo motion equation is the set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations, which is to model pitch motion of airborne aerial torpedo as follows.
- Eq.1: Falling velocity of the torpedo equation
- Eq.2: Horizontal vector velocity of the torpedo mass equation
- Eq.3: Vertical vector velocity of the torpedo equation
- Eq.4: Vertical vector acceleration of the torpedo mass equation
- Eq.5: Angular velocity equation with respect to time
- Eq.6: Angular velocity differential equation with respect to time
- where constant 57.3 of Eq.6 is the coefficient from 1 (radian) = 57.2958°
b V ω of Eq.6 is the damping moment, where b is defined as;
Since the angular moment of a torpedo here is the lifting movement as follows;
-
- V : The velocity of the torpedo
- VH : The horizontal axis velocity of the torpedo
- VZ : The vertical axis velocity of the torpedo
- φ : The moving vector angle of the torpedo in reference to horizontal axis
- θ : The posture angle of the torpedo in reference to the horizontal axis
- α : The internal angle between φ and θ, which is equal to the lift angle of tail fins of the torpedo
- W : Weight of the torpedo
- g : Acceleration of gravity, 9.8 m/sec2
- I : Inertia coefficient with respect to lift moment at the gravity center of the torpedo
- ω : Lifting angular velocity (radian)
- D : Drag moment of force
- L : Lift moment of force
- M : Roll moment of force around the longitudial axis of the torpedo
- ρ : Air density
- S : Cross-section area of the torpedo
- l : Total length of the torpedo
- lH : The length between the gravity center and the center of lift moment of tail fins of the torpedo
The value lH is measured in wind-tunnel test, as drag moment of force coefficient differences between the torpedoes with and without box type attachment of wooden tail stabilizer plates;
where each coefficient is defined as;
- CnH = CXH sin α + CZH cos α
- CtH = CXH cos α + CZH sin α
-
- CX : Drag moment of force coefficient D / (1/2 ρ V2 S)
- CZ : Lift moment of force coefficient L / (1/2 ρ V2 S)
- Cmg : Roll moment of force coefficient around the gravity center of the torpedo M / (1/2 ρ V2 l)
- CXH : Drag moment of force coefficient of tail stabilizer box of torpedo
- CZH : Lift moment of force coefficient of tail stabilizer box of torpedo
- CmgH : Roll moment of force coefficient around the gravity center of tail stabilizer box of the torpedo
Solving Eq.1 through Eq.4 with respect to movement under certain boundary conditions, we could derive the set of equations t, X, Z in definite integral equation form.
- where, λ = - tan φ, λ0 = - tan φ0, at time t = 0
Definite integrals can be numerically solved by Composite Simpson's rule in the ordinary differential equations field.
Lifting motion Eq.5 can be numerically solved by The common fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to get values of ω.
Lifting stability of Torpedo Eq.6 can be numerically solved by Exponential moving average method for exponential equations.
Read more about this topic: Type 91 Torpedo
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