History
The instrument possibly has antecedents in Central Asian shaman staffs. Similar instruments occur in ancient Chinese music, probably diffused from the same Central Asian sources.
Europeans knew of it in the 16th century. In the 18th century, it was part of the Turkish Janissary bands that were the source of much interest in Europe, and in the 19th century, it was widely used in European military bands. It was abandoned by the British in the mid-19th century but survives today, in an altered form, in Germany. It is also found in the military bands of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil (only in the Marching Band of the Brazilian Marine Corps and the Band of the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment "Independence Dragoons"). The reason why the bands in Chile and Bolivia carry it is due to the Prussian military influences which arrived in these countries during the late 19th to early 20th centuries.
Its heyday in Europe was from the mid-18th to mid-19th century, when it was commonly played by elaborately dressed black Africans, who made all manner of contortions while playing. Some of these gestures survive today, in the stick twirling by bass and tenor drummers. An aspect of the elaborate costumes survives in the leopard skin apron worn by bass drummers in British military bands.
In 1881, the German Emperor William I presented a Turkish crescent to King David Kalākaua on the occasion of the King's visit to Berlin during his trip around the world bearing the inscription "no ka hoomanao ana ia Berlin" (to commemorate Berlin), which was then used by the Royal Hawaiian Band.
In the mid-19th century this instrument was replaced in most bands by the glockenspiel, which was carried similarly but could be played musically.
Read more about this topic: Turkish Crescent
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