History
A prototypical tower defense game was the Atari Games release Rampart in 1990. By 2000, maps for StarCraft, Age of Empires II, and Warcraft III were following suit.
Eventually, independent video game developers began using Adobe Flash to make stand-alone tower defense browser games, which led to the release of Flash Element Tower Defense in January 2007 and then Desktop Tower Defense in March of the same year. Desktop Tower Defense became immensely popular and earned an Independent Games Festival award, and its success led to a version created for the mobile phone by a different developer. Several other tower defense video games achieved a level of fame, including Protector, Immortal Defense, GemCraft, and Plants vs. Zombies.
By 2008, the genre's success led to tower defense games on video game consoles such as Defense Grid: The Awakening on the Xbox 360, and PixelJunk Monsters and Savage Moon for the PlayStation 3. Tower defense games have also appeared on handheld game consoles such as Lock's Quest and Ninjatown on the Nintendo DS.
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