Timeline of The Catholic Church - 19th Century

19th Century

• 1800–1823: Pope Pius VII
• July 16, 1802: French Concordat of 1801. The Catholic Church re-established in France.
• December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, in the presence of Pope Pius VII.
• 1846: Pope Pius IX begins his reign. During his reign he asks that an antiCatholic document written by Freemasons known as the Alta Vendita be distributed to alert Catholic officials of possible Masonic infiltration.
• 1847: The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem resumes residence in Jerusalem.
• 1850: The Archdiocese of Westminster and twelve other dioceses are set up, re-establishing a Catholic hierarchy in the United Kingdom against intense political opposition.
• 1852: The First Plenary Council of Baltimore is held in the United States.
• 1854: Dogma of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX
• 1858: Apparitions in Lourdes.
• December 8, 1869: Pope Pius IX opens the First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican
• July 18, 1870 – The Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ from the fourth session of Vatican I, "Pastor Aeternus", issues the dogma of papal infallibility among other issues before the fall of Rome in the Franco-Prussian War causes it to end prematurely and brings an end to the Papal States. Controversy over several issues leads to the formation of the Old Catholic Church. This council was not formally closed until 1960 by Pope John XXIII in preparation for the Second Vatican Council.
• 1879: Encyclical Aeterni Patris, by Pope Leo XIII, prepares a revival of thomism.
• May 15, 1891: Pope Leo XIII issues encyclical Rerum Novarum (translation: Of New Things).
• November 30, 1894: Pope Leo XIII publishes the Encyclical Orientalium Dignitas (On the Churches of the East) safeguarding the importance and continuance of the Eastern traditions for the whole Church.
• 1897: Thérèse of Lisieux dies.
• 1898 – Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the Shroud of Turin.