1990s
| Date | Development |
|---|---|
| Early 1990s | TD-Gammon, a backgammon program written by Gerry Tesauro, demonstrates that reinforcement (learning) is powerful enough to create a championship-level game-playing program by competing favorably with world-class players. |
| 1990s | Major advances in all areas of AI, with significant demonstrations in machine learning, intelligent tutoring, case-based reasoning, multi-agent planning, scheduling, uncertain reasoning, data mining, natural language understanding and translation, vision, virtual reality, games, and other topics. |
| 1991 | DART scheduling application deployed in the first Gulf War paid back DARPA's investment of 30 years in AI research. |
| 1993 | Ian Horswill extended behavior-based robotics by creating Polly, the first robot to navigate using vision and operate at animal-like speeds (1 meter/second). |
| 1993 | Rodney Brooks, Lynn Andrea Stein and Cynthia Breazeal started the widely-publicized MIT Cog project with numerous collaborators, in an attempt to build a humanoid robot child in just five years. |
| 1993 | ISX corporation wins "DARPA contractor of the year" for the Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool (DART) which reportedly repaid the US government's entire investment in AI research since the 1950s. |
| 1994 | With passengers on board, the twin robot cars VaMP and VITA-2 of Ernst Dickmanns and Daimler-Benz drive more than one thousand kilometers on a Paris three-lane highway in standard heavy traffic at speeds up to 130 km/h. They demonstrate autonomous driving in free lanes, convoy driving, and lane changes left and right with autonomous passing of other cars. |
| 1995 | Semi-autonomous ALVINN steered a car coast-to-coast under computer control for all but about 50 of the 2850 miles. Throttle and brakes, however, were controlled by a human driver. |
| 1995 | In the same year, one of Ernst Dickmanns' robot cars (with robot-controlled throttle and brakes) drove more than 1000 miles from Munich to Copenhagen and back, in traffic, at up to 120 mph, occasionally executing maneuvers to pass other cars (only in a few critical situations a safety driver took over). Active vision was used to deal with rapidly changing street scenes. |
| 1997 | The Deep Blue chess machine (IBM) defeats the (then) world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. |
| 1997 | First official RoboCup football (soccer) match featuring table-top matches with 40 teams of interacting robots and over 5000 spectators. |
| 1998 | Tiger Electronics' Furby is released, and becomes the first successful attempt at producing a type of A.I to reach a domestic environment. |
| 1998 | Tim Berners-Lee published his Semantic Web Road map paper. |
| 1999 | Sony introduces an improved domestic robot similar to a Furby, the AIBO becomes one of the first artificially intelligent "pets" that is also autonomous. |
| Late 1990s | Web crawlers and other AI-based information extraction programs become essential in widespread use of the World Wide Web. |
| Late 1990s | Demonstration of an Intelligent room and Emotional Agents at MIT's AI Lab. |
| Late 1990s | Initiation of work on the Oxygen architecture, which connects mobile and stationary computers in an adaptive network. |
Read more about this topic: Timeline Of Artificial Intelligence