1950s
| Date | Development |
|---|---|
| 1950 | Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test as a measure of machine intelligence. |
| 1950 | Claude Shannon published a detailed analysis of chess playing as search. |
| 1950 | Isaac Asimov published his Three Laws of Robotics. |
| 1951 | The first working AI programs were written in 1951 to run on the Ferranti Mark 1 machine of the University of Manchester: a checkers-playing program written by Christopher Strachey and a chess-playing program written by Dietrich Prinz. |
| 1952–1962 | Arthur Samuel (IBM) wrote the first game-playing program, for checkers (draughts), to achieve sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateur. His first checkers-playing program was written in 1952, and in 1955 he created a version that learned to play. |
| 1956 | The first Dartmouth College summer AI conference is organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathan Rochester of IBM and Claude Shannon. |
| 1956 | The name artificial intelligence is used for the first time as the topic of the second Dartmouth Conference, organized by John McCarthy |
| 1956 | The first demonstration of the Logic Theorist (LT) written by Allen Newell, J.C. Shaw and Herbert A. Simon (Carnegie Institute of Technology, now Carnegie Mellon University). This is often called the first AI program, though Samuel's checkers program also has a strong claim. |
| 1957 | The General Problem Solver (GPS) demonstrated by Newell, Shaw and Simon. |
| 1958 | John McCarthy (Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT) invented the Lisp programming language. |
| 1958 | Herbert Gelernter and Nathan Rochester (IBM) described a theorem prover in geometry that exploits a semantic model of the domain in the form of diagrams of "typical" cases. |
| 1958 | Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes was held in the UK and among the papers presented were John McCarthy's Programs with Common Sense, Oliver Selfridge's Pandemonium, and Marvin Minsky's Some Methods of Heuristic Programming and Artificial Intelligence. |
| 1959 | John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky founded the MIT AI Lab. |
| Late 1950s, early 1960s | Margaret Masterman and colleagues at University of Cambridge design semantic nets for machine translation. |
Read more about this topic: Timeline Of Artificial Intelligence