The General Crisis - Conflicts and Wars

Conflicts and Wars

Examples which have been given for general crisis and state breakdown during this period include:

  • The Thirty Years War in Germany (1618–48)
  • The Economic Crisis in the Holy Roman Empire (1619–1623)
  • The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–51), The Protectorate (1653-59), and the Glorious Revolution (1688) in Britain and Ireland
  • The collapse of the Ming Dynasty and rise of the Qing Dynasty in China (1644–62)
  • The Fronde in France (1643–68)
  • Revolts against the Spanish crown in Naples, Portugal, and Catalonia
  • The climax of the Dutch Revolt and related conflicts (ends in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia)
  • Numerous internal revolts in the Ottoman Empire (especially 1622)
  • The disintegration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Deluge
  • The beginning of Sakoku in Japan and the Shimabara Uprising (1638)
  • The Char Bouba War in Mauritania (1644–74)
  • The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14)

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    “In motherhood, where seemingly opposite realities can be simultaneously true, the role of nurturer invariably conflicts with the role of socializer. When trouble came as it surely must, was I the good cop who understood, the bad cop who terrorized, or both?”
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    —Socrates (469–399 B.C.)