Types of Symmetric-key Algorithms
Symmetric-key encryption can use either stream ciphers or block ciphers.
- Stream ciphers encrypt the digits (typically bits) of a message one at a time.
- Block ciphers take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single unit, padding the plaintext so that it is a multiple of the block size. Blocks of 64 bits have been commonly used. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm approved by NIST in December 2001 uses 128-bit blocks.
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