Biological Swarming
Examples of biological swarming are found in bird flocks, fish schools, insect swarms, bacteria swarms, molds, molecular motors, quadruped herds and people.
- Swarm Theory National Geographic. Feature article, July 2007.
- Beekman M, Sword GA and Simpson SK (2008) Biological Foundations of Swarm Intelligence. In Swarm intelligence: introduction and applications, Eds Blum C and Merkle D. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社, Page 3–43. ISBN 978-3-540-74088-9
- Parrish JK, Edelstein-Keshet L (1999). "Complexity, pattern and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation" (PDF). Science 284 (5411): 99–101. Bibcode 1999Sci...284...99P. doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.99. PMID 10102827. http://people.hnl.bcm.tmc.edu/jli/reference/105.pdf.
- Spawning
- Synchronous spawning
- External fertilization
Read more about this topic: Swarm Behaviour
Famous quotes containing the words biological and/or swarming:
“No poetic phantasy
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like bird, insect, plant
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—Hilda Doolittle (1886–1961)
“Many a time I have seen my mother leap up from the dinner table to engage the swarming flies with an improvised punkah, and heard her rejoice and give humble thanks simultaneously that Baltimore was not the sinkhole that Washington was.”
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