Surgical Sieve - Examples

Examples

What are the causes of an acute confusional state in a patient?

  1. Idiopathic/Iatrogenic: polypharmacy, sedatives, analgesics, steroids, drug withdrawal
  2. Vascular: stroke, TIA, vascular dementia
  3. Inflammatory: infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome
  4. Traumatic: head injury, Intracranial hemorrhage, shock
  5. Autoimmune: thyroid disease
  6. Metabolic: electrolyte imbalance, DKA, hypoglycaemia, SIADH
  7. Infective: sepsis, local infection
  8. Neoplastic: brain tumour, carcinomatosis
  9. Degenerative: Alzheimer's Disease, dementia

What are the causes of splenomegaly?

  1. Idiopathic: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  2. Vascular: portal vein obstruction, Budd-Chiari syndrome, haemoglobinopathies (Sickle-cell disease, thalassemia)
  3. Infective: AIDS, mononucleosis, septicaemia, tuberculosis, brucellosis, malaria, infective endocarditis
  4. Traumatic: haematoma, rupture
  5. Autoimmune: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
  6. Metabolic: Gaucher's disease, mucopolysaccharidoses, amyloidosis, Tangier disease
  7. Inflammatory: sarcoidosis
  8. Neoplastic: CML, metastases, myeloproliferative disorders

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