Typology
The standardized script has 32 basic characters, consists of 7 (seven) aksara Swara (independent vowels): a, é, i, o, u, e, and eu, and 23 aksara Ngalagena (consonants with vowel a): ka-ga-nga, ca-ja-nya, ta-da-na, pa-ba-ma, ya-ra-la, wa-sa-ha, fa-va-qa-xa-za.
The additional five sounds to the Ngalagena characters were added to fulfill the purpose of Sundanese script as tool for recording the development of Sundanese language, especially by absorption of foreign words and sounds. However, the glyphs for the new characters are not new, but reusing several variants in old Sundanese script, for example: the glyphs for fa and va are variants of Old Sundanese pa, the glyphs for qa and xa are variants of Old Sundanese ka, and the glyph for za is a variant of Old Sundanese ja.
There are two non-standard sounds kha and sya for writing foreign Arabic consonants 'خ' and 'ش'. These are considered non-standard because their usage only supported by few Sundanese people.
There are also rarangkéns or attachments for removing, modifying, or adding vowel or consonant sound to the base characters. 13 rarangkéns based on the position to the base can be categorized into three groups: (1) five rarangkéns above the base characters, (2) three rarangkéns below the base characters, and (3) five rarangkéns inline the base characters. In addition, there are glyphs for number characters, from zero to nine.
Graphically, Ngalagena characters including rarangkéns have angle 45° – 75°. In general, the dimension ratio (height:width) is 4:4, except for the Ngalagena character ra (4:3), ba and nya (4:6), and the Swara character i (4:3). Rarangkéns have dimension ratio 2:2, except for panyecek (1:1), panglayar (4:2), panyakra (2:4), pamaéh (4:2) and pamingkal (2:4 bottom-side, 3:2 right-side). Numbers have ratio 4:4, except for number 4 and 5 (4:3).
Read more about this topic: Sundanese Alphabet