Relevant Laws
According to the Laws of the Game (2007–08):
A player may only be substituted during a stoppage in play and with the permission of the referee. The player to be substituted (outgoing player) must have left the field of play before the substitute (incoming player) may enter the field of play; at that point the substitute becomes a player and the person substituted ceases to be a player. The incoming player may only enter the field at the half-way line. Failure to comply with these provisions may be punished by a caution (yellow card).
A player who has been substituted may take no further part in a match.
Both unused substitutes still on the bench, as well as players who have been already substituted, remain under the authority of the referee. These are liable for misconduct, though can not be said to have committed a foul. For example, in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Claudio Caniggia was shown the red card for cursing at the referee from the bench.
Under the Laws, the referee has no specific power to force a player to be substituted, even if the team manager or captain has ordered their player to be substituted. If a player refuses to be substituted play may simply resume with that player on the field. However, in some situations players may still be liable to punishment with a caution (yellow card) for time wasting or unsporting behaviour.
A player who has been sent off (red card) may not be substituted; the team will have to make do with the remaining players. In the case of a goalkeeper who is sent off, such as in the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, the coach will usually (but is not required to) substitute an outfield player so that the backup goalkeeper can enter the game.
According to the Laws of the Game, "up to a maximum of six substitutes may be used in any match played in an official competition organised under the auspices of FIFA, the confederations or the member associations." Also:
- In national A team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may be used.
- In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided that:
- the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number;
- the referee is informed before the match.
- If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.
Read more about this topic: Substitute (association Football)
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