Standard Input (stdin)
Standard input is data (often text) going into a program. The program requests data transfers by use of the read operation. Not all programs require input. For example, the dir or ls program (which displays file names contained in a directory) performs its operation without any stream data input.
Unless redirected, input is expected from the keyboard which started the program.
The file descriptor for standard input is 0 (zero); the POSIX
Read more about this topic: Standard Streams
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