Spinal Tumor - Treatment

Treatment

  • Steroids (e.g. corticosteroids) may be administered if there is evidence of spinal cord compression. These do not affect the tumoral mass itself, but tend to reduce the inflammatory reaction around it, and thus decrease the overall volume of the mass impinging on the spinal cord.
  • Radiotherapy may be administered to patients with malignant tumors. Radiation is usually delivered to the involved segment in the spinal cord as well as to the uninvolved segment above and below the involved segment.
  • Surgery is sometimes possible. The goals of surgical treatment for spinal tumors can comprise of histologic diagnosis, tumor local control or oncological cure, pain relief, spinal cord decompression and restoration of neurological function, restoration of spine stability, and deformity rectification.

Some suggest that direct decompressive surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy provide better outcomes than treatment with radiotherapy alone for patients with spinal cord compression due to metastatic cancer. It is also important to take into consideration the prognosis of the patients and their ambulation status at diagnosis, and treat accordingly.

Nervous tissue tumors/NS neoplasm/Neuroectodermal tumor (ICD-O 9350–9589) (C70–C72, D32–D33, 191–192/225)
Endocrine/
sellar (9350–9379)		 sellar: Craniopharyngioma · Pituicytoma other: Pinealoma
CNS
(9380–9539)
Neuroepithelial
(brain tumors,
spinal tumors)
Glioma
Astrocyte Astrocytoma (Pilocytic astrocytoma, Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, Fibrillary (also diffuse or lowgrade) astrocytomas, Anaplastic astrocytoma, Glioblastoma multiforme)
Oligodendrocyte Oligodendroglioma
Ependyma Ependymoma · Subependymoma
Choroid plexus Choroid plexus tumor (Choroid plexus papilloma, Choroid plexus carcinoma)
Multiple/unknown Oligoastrocytoma · Gliomatosis cerebri · Gliosarcoma
Mature
neuron 		Ganglioneuroma: Ganglioglioma · Retinoblastoma · Neurocytoma · Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour · Lhermitte-Duclos disease
PNET Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma) · Medulloblastoma · Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
Primitive Medulloepithelioma
Meningiomas
(meninges) 		Meningioma, Hemangiopericytoma
Hematopoietic Primary central nervous system lymphoma
PNS: NST
(9540–9579)		 cranial and paraspinal nerves: Neurofibroma (Neurofibrosarcoma, Neurofibromatosis) · Neurilemmoma/Schwannoma (Acoustic neuroma) · Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
note: not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see brain metastases)

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

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