Consonants
| (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) |
| |
Bilabial |
Labio-
dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Post-
alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m |
F |
|
n |
|
J |
N |
|
|
|
Stop
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fricative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Approximant |
|
H |
P |
|
r\ |
|
j |
w |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l |
|
L |
5 |
|
|
|
| Rhotic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R\ |
|
|
Note: It is common, especially in Spanish and Italian, to represent the alveolar trill with and the alveolar flap with . In Spanish, too, is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel . It has been proposed to use for the alveolar flap, in which case can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (and a backslash for alternative symbols).
Consonant modifiers:
- after a consonant indicates retroflex.
- apical (IPA subscript inverted bridge): apical 's'
- dental (IPA subscript bridge)
- velarized diacritic (IPA superscript gamma)
- aspirated diacritic (IPA superscript h)
- palatalized. (IPA superscript j)
- laminal (IPA subscript box)
- labialized diacritic (IPA superscript w)
- implosive (voiced stops) (IPA hooktop)
- ejective (voiceless stops)
- syllabic, as in US bird (also written ), bottle, button