Soviet Scientists - Chemists and Material Scientists

Chemists and Material Scientists

• Ernest Beaux, inventor of Chanel No. 5, "the world's most legendary fragrance"
• Nikolay Beketov, inventor of aluminothermy, a founder of physical chemistry
• Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, proposed the Beilstein test for the detection of halogens, author of the Beilstein database in organic chemistry
• Boris Belousov, chemist and biophysicist, discoverer of Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics
• Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, the author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
• Aleksandr Butlerov, discovered hexamine, formaldehyde and formose reaction (the first synthesis of sugar), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulae, a founder of organic chemistry and the theory of chemical structure
• Dmitry Chernov, founder of modern metallography, discovered polymorphism in metals, built the iron-carbon phase diagram
• Aleksei Chichibabin, discovered Chichibabin pyridine synthesis, Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis and Chichibabin reaction
• Lev Chugaev, discoverer of Chugaev elimination in organic chemistry
• Karl Ernst Claus, chemist and botanist, discoverer of ruthenium
• Nikolay Demyanov, discoverer of Demjanov rearrangement in organic chemistry
• Aleksandr Dianin, discoverer of Bisphenol A and Dianin's compound
• Constantin Fahlberg, inventor of saccharin, the first artificial sweetener
• Alexey Favorsky, discoverer of Favorskii rearrangement and Favorskii reaction in organic chemistry
• Alexander Frumkin, a founder of modern electrochemistry, author of the theory of electrode reactions
• Yevgraf Fyodorov, the first to enumerate all of the 230 space groups of crystals, thus founding the modern crystallography
• Andre Geim, inventor of graphene, developer of gecko tape, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
• Igor Gorynin, inventor of weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, and many radiation-hardened steels
• Vladimir Ipatieff, inventor of Ipatieff bomb, a founder of petrochemistry
• Isidore, legendary inventor of the Russian vodka
• Boris Jacobi, re-discovered electroplating and initiated its practical usage
• Pyotr Kapitsa, discovered superfluidity while studying liquid helium, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
• Morris Kharasch, inventor of anti-microbial compound thimerosal
• Gottlieb Kirchhoff, discoverer of glucose
• Ivan Knunyants, inventor of poly-caprolactam, founder of Soviet school of fluorocarbon's chemistry, a developer of Soviet chemical weapons
• Sergei Lebedev, inventor of polybutadiene, the first commercially viable synthetic rubber
• Mikhail Lomonosov, polymath, coined the term physical chemistry, re-discovered smalt, proved that the phlogiston theory was false, the first to record the freezing of mercury
• Aleksandr Loran, inventor of fire fighting foam
• Konstantin Novoselov, inventor of graphene, developer of gecko tape, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
• Vladimir Markovnikov, author of the Markovnikov's rule in organic chemistry, discoverer of naphthenes
• Dmitri Mendeleyev, invented the Periodic table of chemical elements, the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, invented pyrocollodion, developer of pipelines and a prominent researcher of vodka
• Nikolai Menshutkin, discoverer of Menshutkin reaction in organic chemistry
• Sergey Namyotkin, a prominent researcher of terpenes, discoverer of Nametkin rearrangement
• Ilya Prigogine, researcher of dissipative structures, complex systems and irreversibility, Nobel Prize winner
• Sergey Reformatsky, discoverer of Reformatsky reaction in organic chemistry
• Nikolay Semyonov, physical chemist, author of the chain reaction theory, Nobel Prize winner
• Carl Schmidt, analyzed the crystal structure of many biochemicals, proved that animal and plant cells are chemically similar
• Vladimir Shukhov, polymath, inventor of chemical cracking
• Mikhail Shultz, physical chemist and artist; one of the creators the glass electrode theory; author of several thermodynamic methods.
• Mikhail Tsvet, botanist, inventor of chromatography
• Victor Veselago, the first researcher of materials with negative permittivity and permeability
• Paul Walden, discovered the Walden inversion and ethylammonium nitrate, the first room temperature ionic liquid
• Alexander Zaytsev, author of the Zaitsev's rule in organic chemistry
• Nikolay Zelinsky, inventor of activated charcoal gas mask in Europe during World War I, co-discoverer of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation, a founder of petrochemistry
• Nikolai Zinin, discovered benzidine, co-discovered aniline, the first President of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society
• Anatol Zhabotinsky, discoverer of Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics