Analytical Studies
Taking as parameters the average time interval spent by a processor in kernel level critical sections (L, for time in locked state), and the average time interval spent by a processor in tasks outside critical sections (E), the ratio L/E is crucial in evaluating software lockout.
Typical values for L/E range from 0.01 to 0.1. In a system with a L/E ratio of 0.05, for instance, if there are 15 CPUs, it is expected that on average 1 CPU will always be idle.; with 21 CPUs, 2.8 will be idle; with 40 CPUs, 19 will be idle; with 41 CPUs, 20 will be idle. Therefore adding more than 40 CPUs to that system would be useless. In general, for each L/E value, there's a threshold for the maximum number of useful CPUs.
Read more about this topic: Software Lockout
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