Developmental Smuggling Model (DSM)
The Developmental Smuggling Model is a unified model in that it describes phases of smugglers and organizations. Smugglers are reported to fall within one of three different phases. Organizations in which there is smuggling occurring also fall within one of three different phases. Phase II is subdivided into three types of corporations.
Read more about this topic: Smuggling Organization
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—Alice Sterling Honig (20th century)