3D Smith Chart
A generalized 3D Smith chart based on the extended complex plane (Riemann sphere) and inversive geometry was recently proposed. The chart unifies the passive and active circuit design on little and big circles on the surface of a unit sphere using the stereographic conformal mapping of the reflection coefficient's generalized plane. Considering the point at infinity, the space of the new chart includes all possible loads. The north pole is the perfect matching point, while the south pole is the perfect mismatch point.
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—Alfred E. Smith (1873–1944)
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