Prevalence
Sickle cell trait prevalence is highest in West Africa (25% of the population). It also has a high prevalence in South and Central Americans, especially those in Panama. However, it also very infrequently appears in Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Greece, and Spain, where it most likely expanded via the selective pressure of malaria, a disease that was endemic to the region. It has been described in Indians, Middle Easterners (such as Arabs and Iranians), Native American peoples, North Africans, and Turks.
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