Arabic Use
- Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae
- Sham, (Arabic: شام), al-Sham, or Bilad al-Sham, endonym of the region bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, usually known as the Levant or Greater Syria, comprising Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan
- ash-Shām, or Sham (الشام), another name for Damascus, the largest city in the region
- Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
- Jund al-Sham, terrorist group based in Afghanistan
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