Equivalence Relation
"For a relation in set S to be an equivalence relation, it has to satisfy three conditions: it has to be reflexive, symmetrical, and transitive ."(Schuijer 2008, p.29-30) "Indeed, an informal notion of equivalence has always been part of music theory and analysis. PC set theory, however, has adhered to formal definitions of equivalence" (Schuijer 2008, 85).
Read more about this topic: Set Theory (music)
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“It would be disingenuous, however, not to point out that some things are considered as morally certain, that is, as having sufficient certainty for application to ordinary life, even though they may be uncertain in relation to the absolute power of God.”
—René Descartes (1596–1650)