Fourteenth Dynasty
It is possible, however that even during Merneferre Ay's reign that Egypt's unity had been lost since to the emergence of the separate 14th dynasty under Nehesy at Avaris has been dated to "stratum F (or b/3), corresponding to the late 13th Dynasty" at Tell el-Daba (Avaris)--according to the Austrian Egyptologist Manfred Bietak who dates this event to the period around or just after 1710 BC. Avaris was a strong candidate to be an independent kingdom after the unity of Egypt began to lapse after the reign of the last powerful king of the 13th dynasty, Sobekhotep IV, since it was a rich and powerful city. Thenceforth "no single ruler was able to control the whole of Egypt" until the New Kingdom under Ahmose I. Nehesy's kingdom may have extended "from Tell el-Habua and Tell el-Daba" in the Eastern Nile Delta. After Nehesy's death, numerous ephemeral successors ruled his kingdom until 1650 BC when the Hyksos 15th dynasty emerged.
Read more about this topic: Second Intermediate Period Of Egypt
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