Schlesinger is a German surname meaning "from Silesia" (German: Schlesien) and may refer to:
- Adam Schlesinger (born 1967), American composer and musician
- Adolf Martin Schlesinger (1769–1838), German founder of A.M. Schlesingers Musikhandlung
- Alan Schlesinger (born 1960), American politician and Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in Connecticut in 2006
- Alice Schlesinger (born 1988), Israeli Olympic judoka
- Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Sr. (1888–1965), American historian and professor at Harvard University
- Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr. (1917–2007), son of the above, American historian, social critic and former John F. Kennedy associate
- Bruno Schlesinger (1876–1962), American German-born conductor and composer who changed his name to "Bruno Walter" in 1911
- Carl Schlesinger (1813–1871), Austrian cellist
- Cory Schlesinger (born 1972), American football player
- David Schlesinger (born 1960), American journalist who is the Editor-in-Chief of Reuters
- Don Schlesinger, American gaming mathematician, author, lecturer and famous blackjack player
- Frank Schlesinger (1871–1943), American astronomer
- Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1882–1960), American chemist
- Iliza Shlesinger (born 1983), American comedian
- James R. Schlesinger (born 1929), U.S. Secretary of Defense (1973–1974)
- Joe Schlesinger (born 1928), Canadian television journalist and author
- John Schlesinger (1926–2003), British film director
- Katharine Schlesinger, British actress
- Kathleen Schlesinger, British musicologist (1862 Holywood near Belfast - 1953 London)
- Klaus Schlesinger (1937–2001), German writer and winner of the 2000 Erich Fried Prize
- Leon Schlesinger (1884–1949), American Looney Tunes producer
- Ludwig Schlesinger (1864–1933), Hungarian-German mathematician, proved Hilbert's twenty-first problem
- Rudolf B. Schlesinger (professor) (1901–1969), Scottish Marxist theoritician and sovietologist of the University of Glasgow
- Rudolf Schlesinger (1909–1996), German-born Professor of Comparative Law at Cornell University, Director of the Cornell Common Core Project
- Walter Schlesinger (1908–1984), German historian
Things that are named after people with this surname:
- Leon Schlesinger Productions, the 1933 founding name of The Warner Bros. animation division, named after Leon Schlesinger
- Schlesinger (crater), a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon
- Schlesinger Building, a skyscraper in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Schlesinger institute, Research institute for Jewish medical ethics, named after Falk Schlesinger M.D.
- Schlesinger Library, a research library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, named after Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr.