Sand Bed Filtration in Context
A sand bed filter is a kind of depth filter. Broadly, there are two types of filter for separating particulate solids from fluids:
- Surface filters, where particulates are captured on a permeable surface
- Depth filters, where particulates are captured within a porous body of material.
In addition, there are passive and active devices for causing solid-liquid separation such as settling tanks, self-cleaning screen filters, hydrocyclones and centrifuges.
There are several kinds of depth filter, some employing fibrous material and others employing granular materials. Sand bed filters are an example of a granular loose media depth filter. They are usually used to separate small amounts (<10 parts per million or <10 g per cubic metre) of fine solids (<100 micrometres) from aqueous solutions. In addition, they are usually used to purify the fluid rather than capture the solids as a valuable material. Therefore they find most of their uses in liquid effluent (wastewater) treatment.
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