Sacral Plexus - Nerves Formed

Nerves Formed

All the nerves entering the plexus, with the exception of the third sacral, split into ventral and dorsal divisions, and the nerves arising from these are as follows of the table below:

Nerves of the sacral plexus
Nerve	Segment	Innervated muscles	Cutaneous branches
Superior gluteal	L4-S1	Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae
Inferior gluteal	L5-S2	Gluteus maximus
Posterior cutaneous femoral	S1-S3		Posterior cutaneous femoral • Inferior cluneal nerves • Perineal branches
Direct branches from plexus
• Piriformis	S1-2	Piriformis
• Obturator internus	L5-S1	Obturator internus
• Quadratus femoris	L5-S1	Quadratus femoris
Sciatic
Sciatic	L4-S3	Semitendinosus (Tib) Semimembranosus (Tib) Biceps femoris • Long head (Tib) • Short head (Fib) Adductor magnus (medial part, Tib)
Common fibular	L4-S2		Lateral sural cutaneous Communicating fibular
• Superficial fibular		Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis	Medial dorsal cutaneous Intermediate dorsal cutaneous
• Deep fibular		Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis longus Extensor hallucis brevis Peroneus tertius	Lateral cutaneous nerve of big toe Intermediate dorsal cutaneous
Tibial nerve	L4-S3	Triceps surae Plantaris Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus	Medial sural cutaneous Lateral calcaneal Medial calcaneal Lateral dorsal cutaneous
• Medial plantar		Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis (medial head) Lumbrical (first and second)	Proper digital plantar
• Lateral plantar		Flexor hallucis brevis (lateral head) Quadratus plantae Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Lumbrical (third and fourth) Plantar interossei (first to third) Dorsal interossei (first to fifth) Adductor hallucis	Proper plantar digital
Pudendal and coccygeal
Pudendal (Pudendal plexus)	S2-S4	Muscles of the pelvic floor: Levator ani Superficial transverse perineal Deep transverse perineal Bulbospongiosus Ischiocavernosus Sphincter anus externus Urethral sphincter	Inferior rectal Perineal • Posterior scrotal/labial • Dorsal penis/clitoris
Coccygeal (Coccygeal plexus)	S5-Co1	Coccygeus	Anococcygeal Dorsal branches

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