RWA may refer to:
- Race Walking Association, a professional sports body in the UK
- Research Works Act, a bill introduced in the US House of Representatives containing provisions to prohibit open access mandates.
- Resident welfare association, a name for any self-organised group (particularly in India) which claims to represent the members of a specified region.
- Right-wing authoritarianism, a psychological personality variable
- Risk-weighted asset, a bank risk management variable usually used in the context of Basel II
- Romance Writers of America, a genre specific writers association
- Rot Weiss Ahlen, a German football club
- Rotating wave approximation, a mathematical simplification used in atom optics and magnetic resonance
- Routing and wavelength assignment, a critically important problem for increasing the efficiency of wavelength-routed all-optical networks
- Royal West Academy, a secondary school in Canada
- Royal West of England Academy, an art gallery and an academy in Clifton, Bristol in the United Kingdom
- Rwanda, an east-central African country