History
Around 1847 Ann Serena Plumbe took an interest in the plight of the learning disabled, or "idiots" as they were unflinchingly termed at the time, and began to discuss what could be done to assist them. In discussion with Dr John Conolly (of the Hanwell Asylum) and Rev Dr Andrew Reed (a philanthropist and founder of several orphanages) they determined to educate such people.
In the spring of 1847 Reed toured Europe to gather information on institutions serving the purpose, and in October the project to found "The Asylum for Idiots" began. Lord Palmerston, Baron Rothschild and Lord Ashley became officers of the charity.
In 1848 a building was purchased and the first patients admitted. This building, Park House at Highgate, quickly proved to be small and a new building was commissioned. Several designs were submitted in competition and a Mr. Moffat's was chosen. The builder was John Jay of London Wall, whose varied work included substantial railway construction contracts, rebuilding the Houses of Parliament after the 1833 fire, and smaller architect-designed projects such as the Abney Park Chapel and Trinity Independent Chapel. The building was entirely financed by public subscription and Queen Victoria subscribed 250 guineas in the name of Edward Prince of Wales, who became a life member. Prince Albert took a special interest from the beginning. He laid the foundation stone in June 1853 and opened the Asylum in June 1855. In 1862 Queen Victoria conferred a Royal Charter on the asylum.
John Langdon-Down (after whom Down syndrome was named) was medical superintendent of the hospital from 1855 to 1868. At this time patients slept in fifteen-bed dormitories and there was one member of staff to each seven patients. Tuberculosis accounted for the majority of deaths in the institution.
Patients were taught manual trades such as carpentry, printing and brush-making, as well as domestic, garden and farm duties.
On 5 July 1958 the hospital ceased to be a charitable trust and was absorbed into the National Health Service.
A notable inmate was James Henry Pullen who carved wonderful works of art and built detailed models, including one of Brunel's Great Eastern.
For several decades, Katherine and Nerissa Bowes-Lyon, who were nieces of the Queen Mother and first cousins of HM The Queen, were kept 'hidden away' at the hospital.
The hospital closed in 1997, as part of the Government's long-term plan to transfer the care of people with learning disabilities into the community, and was converted into apartments: the development is called Royal Earlswood Park.
A number of the buildings are listed buildings: the main building, the workshop and the gate lodges
Read more about this topic: Royal Earlswood Hospital
Famous quotes containing the word history:
“Every generation rewrites the past. In easy times history is more or less of an ornamental art, but in times of danger we are driven to the written record by a pressing need to find answers to the riddles of today.... In times of change and danger when there is a quicksand of fear under men’s reasoning, a sense of continuity with generations gone before can stretch like a lifeline across the scary present and get us past that idiot delusion of the exceptional Now that blocks good thinking.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“No cause is left but the most ancient of all, the one, in fact, that from the beginning of our history has determined the very existence of politics, the cause of freedom versus tyranny.”
—Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
“To history therefore I must refer for answer, in which it would be an unhappy passage indeed, which should shew by what fatal indulgence of subordinate views and passions, a contest for an atom had defeated well founded prospects of giving liberty to half the globe.”
—Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)