Lee's Civil War Battle Summaries
The following are summaries of Civil War battles where Robert E. Lee was the commanding officer:
| Battle | Date | Result | Opponent | Confederate troop strength | Union troop strength | Confederate casualties | Union casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheat Mountain | September 11–13, 1861 | Union victory | Reynolds | 15,000 | 2,000 | 100 | 21 | Lee's first battle of the Civil War. Lee was severely criticized for the defeat and nicknamed "Granny Lee". Lee was sent to South Carolina to supervise fortifications. |
| Seven Days | June 25 – July 1, 1862 | Decisive Strategic Confederate Victory
|
McClellan | 95,000 | 91,000 | 20,614 | 15,849 | |
| Second Manassas | August 28–30, 1862 | Confederate victory | Pope | 49,000 | 76,000 | 9,197 | 16,054 | |
| South Mountain | September 14, 1862 | Union victory | McClellan | 18,000 | 28,000 | 2,685 | 1,813 | |
| Antietam | September 16–18, 1862 | Inconclusive (strategic Union victory) | McClellan | 52,000 | 75,000 | 13,724 | 12,410 | |
| Fredericksburg | December 11, 1862 | Confederate victory (Lee's troops and supplies depleted) | Burnside | 72,000 | 114,000 | 5,309 | 12,653 | |
| Chancellorsville | May 1, 1863 | Confederate victory | Hooker | 57,000 | 105,000 | 12,764 | 16,792 | |
| Gettysburg | July 1, 1863 | Union victory | Meade | 75,000 | 83,000 | 23,231–28,063 | 23,049 | The Confederate army that returned from the fight at Gettysburg was physically and spiritually exhausted. Lee would never again attempt an offensive operation of such monumental proportions. Meade, who had forced Lee to retreat, was criticized for not immediately pursuing Lee's army. This battle become known as the High Water Mark of the Confederacy. Lee would never personally invade the North again after this battle. Rather he was determined to defend Richmond and eventually Petersburg at all costs. |
| Wilderness | May 5, 1864 | Inconclusive (Lee's tactical victory, yet Grant continued his offensive) | Grant | 61,000 | 102,000 | 11,400 | 18,400 | |
| Spotsylvania | May 12, 1864 | Inconclusive (although beaten and unable to take Lee's staunch line defenses, Grant continued the Union offensive) | Grant | 52,000 | 100,000 | 12,000 | 18,000 | |
| Cold Harbor | June 1, 1864 | Inconclusive (tactically, Lee was the victor, but Grant continued the strategic offensive) | Grant | 62,000 | 108,000 | 2,500 | 12,000 | |
| Deep Bottom | August 14, 1864 | Confederate victory | Hancock | 20,000 | 28,000 | 1,700 | 2,901 | Union attempt to attack Richmond, the Confederate capital |
| Appomattox (campaign) | March 29, 1865 | Union victory, Confederate surrender | Grant | 50,000 | 113,000 | no record available | 10,780 | General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant. Casualties on Confederate side are enormous. After the surrender Grant gave Lee's army much-needed food rations, made them lay down their arms and return to their homes, never to take up arms against the Union again. |
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—George Eliot [Mary Ann (or Marian)