Life
In March 1511, Hunne refused to pay the standard mortuary fee, the baby's christening robe, to the rector of St. Mary Matfelon in Whitechapel after the funeral of his dead five week old son Stephen. The matter was not pursued by the Church until Hunne and a friend challenged the rector of St. Michael Cornhill over the title of a tenement in November 1511. Hunne was then sued by the rector of St. Mary Matfelon for the mortuary fee and appeared in the ecclesiastical Court of Audience in April 1512. The court found in favour of the rector.
On 27 December 1512, Hunne attended vespers at the same church and the priest refused to proceed with the service until Hunne left. According to the account in Hunne in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments the priest shouted "Hunne, thou art accursed and standest accursed!", meaning by this that Hunne had been excommunicated by the ecclesiastical court. Hunne responded in January 1513 by suing the priest for slander claiming his character and business had been ruined by the priest's accusation. He also counteracted with a praemunire charge against the church court in which he had been arraigned and argued that its authority derived from a Papal legate and therefore was a foreign court which could have no legitimate jurisdiction over the King of England's subjects.
The London clergy responded by again charging Hunne, this time for heresy. Hunne was then sent to the Lollards' Tower of St. Paul's Cathedral after a raid on his house in October 1514 had uncovered an English Bible with a prologue sympathetic to Wycliffe's doctrines.
Hunne was found hanging in his cell on 4 December 1514 and the circumstances were suspicious. There was widespread anger against the clergy among the populace of London.
Hunne's heresy trial went ahead in spite of his death and he was duly condemned. His body was burned at the stake on 20 December.
Hunne's accusers claimed that he had committed suicide, but they could not convince the coroner's jury, which, in February 1515, charged Horsey, chancellor to the Bishop of London, and two other church officials with Hunne's murder.
The political and religious crisis continued to grow. Bishop FitzJames of London wrote to the King's Chancellor, Archbishop (soon Cardinal) Wolsey, asking him to persuade the King to prevent Horsey being put on trial. He said that Horsey would not get a fair trial because of the strength of public feeling, which had built up against the Church: "...if my chancellor be tried by any twelve men in London, they be so maliciously set in favor of heretical depravity that they will cast and condemn my clerk though he be as innocent as Abel." The king eventually intervened to stifle the situation.
Horsey was kept in prison until the anger in London abated. Then he was brought before a civil court, but King Henry had ordered his attorney general to see that the case was dismissed on the grounds of insufficient proof. Horsey went free, but the public anger was acerbated by his release, and Parliament became more and more involved.
To calm the situation, Wolsey went before Parliament and on his knees, making an apology to them on behalf of the clergy. Wolsey's real aim, however, was to get Parliament to agree to the case being tried in Rome. Then, the king intervened, rejecting Wolsey's proposal and stating the sovereign of the realm had previously made his decision and that no one had a right to overrule his decision but God himself.
Wolsey later fined Horsey and expelled him 160 mi from the capital. Horsey lived for the rest of his life in great poverty.
Read more about this topic: Richard Hunne
Famous quotes containing the word life:
“We [actors] are indeed a strange lot! There are times we doubt that we have any emotions we can honestly call our own. I have approached every dynamic scene change in my life the same way. When I married Charlie MacArthur, I sat down and wondered how I could play the best wife that ever was.... My love for him was the truest thing in my life; but it was still important that I love him with proper effect, that I act loving him with great style, that I achieve the ultimate in wifedom.”
—Helen Hayes (1900–1993)
“The man who is aware of himself is henceforward independent; and he is never bored, and life is only too short, and he is steeped through and through with a profound yet temperate happiness. He alone lives, while other people, slaves of ceremony, let life slip past them in a kind of dream.”
—Virginia Woolf (1882–1941)
“I can no more think of my own life without thinking of wine and wines and where they grew for me and why I drank them when I did and why I picked the grapes and where I opened the oldest procurable bottles, and all that, than I can remember living before I breathed.”
—M.F.K. Fisher (1908–1992)