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International Phonetic Alphabet
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IPA topics
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| IPA |
- International Phonetic Association
- History of the IPA
- Extensions to the IPA
- Kiel convention (1989)
- Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
- Naming conventions
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| Phonetics |
- Diacritics
- Segments
- Tone letter
- Place of articulation
- Manner of articulation
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| Special topics |
- Case variants of IPA letters
- Handwritten IPA
- Obsolete and nonstandard symbols
- IPA chart for English dialects
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| Encodings |
- SAMPA
- X-SAMPA
- Conlang X-SAMPA
- Kirshenbaum
- TIPA
- Phonetic symbols in Unicode
- WorldBet
- IPA Braille
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Consonants
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IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • audio |
| Place → |
Labial |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
Radical |
Glottal |
| ↓ Manner |
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Postalveolar |
Retroflex |
Alveolo-palatal |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Epiglottal |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m̥ |
m |
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ɱ |
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n̪ |
n̥ |
n |
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n̠ |
ɳ̊ |
ɳ |
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ɲ̟ |
ɲ̊ |
ɲ |
ŋ̊ |
ŋ |
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ɴ |
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| Stop |
p |
b |
p̪ |
b̪ |
t̪ |
d̪ |
t |
d |
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ʈ |
ɖ |
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c |
ɟ |
k |
ɡ |
q |
ɢ |
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ʡ |
ʔ |
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| Fricative |
ɸ |
β |
f |
v |
θ |
ð |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
ʂ |
ʐ |
ɕ |
ʑ |
ç |
ʝ |
x |
ɣ |
χ |
ʁ |
ħ |
ʕ |
ʜ |
ʢ |
h |
ɦ |
| Approximant |
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ʋ |
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ɹ |
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ɻ |
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j̊ |
j |
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ɰ |
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| Flap or tap |
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ⱱ̟ |
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ⱱ |
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ɾ |
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ɽ |
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ɢ̆ |
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ʡ̯ |
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| Trill |
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ʙ |
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r̥ |
r |
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ɽ͡r |
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ʀ |
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ᴙ * |
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| Lateral fricative |
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ɬ |
ɮ |
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ɭ˔̊ |
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ʎ̥˔ |
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ʟ̝̊ |
ʟ̝ |
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| Lateral approximant |
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l̪ |
l̥ |
l |
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ɭ |
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ʎ̟ |
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ʎ |
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ʟ |
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| Lateral flap |
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ɺ |
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ɺ̠ |
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ʎ̯ |
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ʟ̆ |
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Non-pulmonic consonants
| Clicks |
ʘ |
ǀ |
ǃ |
ǂ |
ǁ |
| ʘ̃ |
ʘ̃ˀ |
ʘ͡q |
ʘ͡qʼ |
‼ |
| Implosives |
ɓ |
ɗ |
ʄ |
ᶑ |
ɠ |
ʛ |
| Ejectives |
pʼ |
t̪ʼ |
tʼ |
cʼ |
ʈʼ |
kʼ |
qʼ |
| fʼ |
θʼ |
sʼ |
ɬʼ |
ʃʼ |
ʂʼ |
ɕʼ |
xʼ |
χʼ |
| tsʼ |
tɬʼ |
cʎ̝̥ʼ |
tʃʼ |
ʈʂʼ |
kxʼ |
kʟ̝̊ʼ |
qχʼ |
Affricates
| p̪f |
b̪v |
ts |
dz |
tʃ |
dʒ |
tɕ |
dʑ |
ʈʂ |
ɖʐ |
| tɬ |
dɮ |
cç |
ɟʝ |
cʎ̥˔ |
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kx |
ɡɣ |
kʟ̝̊ |
ɡʟ̝ |
| qχ |
ɢʁ |
Co-articulated consonants
| Continuants |
ʍ |
w |
ɥ |
ɧ |
| Occlusives |
k͡p |
ɡ͡b |
ŋ͡m |
| These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. |
| Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. |
| Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. |
| * Symbol not defined in IPA. |
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| Chart image |
- Pulmonics
- Non-pulmonics
- Affricates
- Co-articulated
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Vowels
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Front |
Near-front |
Central |
Near-back |
Back |
| Close |
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•iy
•ɨʉ
•ɯu
•ɪʏ
•ɪ̈ʊ̈
•ʊ
•eø
•ɘɵ
•ɤo
•e̞ø̞
ə
•ɤ̞o̞
•ɛœ
•ɜɞ
•ʌɔ
•æ
ɐ
•aɶ
•ä
•ɑɒ
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| Near-close |
| Close-mid |
| Mid |
| Open-mid |
| Near-open |
| Open |
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Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • view
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