Types of Retractable Roofs
Architecturally speaking, retractable roofs vary greatly from stadium to stadium in shape, material and movement. For example, Miller Park has a fan style roof, while Toyota Stadium in Japan has an accordion-like roof. Most retractable roofs are made of metal, while some, such as the roof of University of Phoenix Stadium, are made of water-resistant fabric. Although each retractable roof differs in these aspects, Safeco Field's roof is unique in that it is the only one in North America that does not form a climate-controlled enclosure when in the extended position; rather, it acts as an "umbrella" to cover the playing field and spectator areas during inclement weather, with no side walls enclosing the stadium.
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—Stephanie Martson (20th century)
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